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Today's electrical energy is something that humans really need to support daily life. The demand to fulfill electricity needs is very large and continues to increase, requiring the government to provide electricity facilities and infrastructure.
PLTU Pangkalan Susu is a steam power plant located in Tanjung Pasir village, Pangkalan Susu sub-district, Langkat district, North Sumatra Province, which is one of the main suppliers of the electricity system in North Sumatra province. PLTU Pangkalan Susu has 4 (four) generating units with a capacity of 200 MW each.
The main components in a PLTU in general are Boiler, Turbine, Generator where the working principle of a PLTU is to convert chemical energy in fuel/coal into heat energy in the form of steam in the boiler which is then converted into mechanical energy to rotate the generator turbine which is then converted into electrical energy at the generator output.
Good power plant performance is a power plant that meets several important criteria including heat rate, efficiency, reliability and environmental impact. Based on the proposed heat rate limit and a comparison of several types of generator efficiency, the maximum heat rate limit for a 100 to 200 MW PLTU is 3,339 kcal/kWh with a subcritical PLTU efficiency of 30 – 40%. The greater the efficiency of a power plant, the better the performance of the power plant system.
This research aims to analyze the performance of PLTU Pangkalan Susu Unit 1 in terms of heat rate and efficiency aspects. The research results show an average heat rate of 3033.79 kcal/kWh with an average thermal efficiency of 31.39% where the deviation between calculations using the direct method (input - output) and the indirect method (heat loss/balanced energy) is up to 6.39 %. PLTU Pangkalan Susu has good performance based on the proposed heat rate for PLTU and comparative data on several plant efficiencies. The results of this research also show a significant correlation between load, thermal efficiency and heat rate where heat rate is inversely proportional to efficiency and load; efficiency is directly proportional to load.
Keywords: PLTU Performance, Heat Rate, Thermal Efficiency, Input – Output, Heat Loss/Balanced Energy
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